APA
Fernández de las Peñas, César & Martín Guerrero, José D. & Pellicer Valero, Óscar J. & Navarro Pardo, Esperanza & Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor & Cuadrado, María L. & Arias Navalón, José Antonio & Cigarán Méndez, Margarita & Hernández Barrera, Valentín & Arendt Nielsen, Lars .Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related-Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study.
ISO 690
Fernández de las Peñas, César & Martín Guerrero, José D. & Pellicer Valero, Óscar J. & Navarro Pardo, Esperanza & Gómez Mayordomo, Víctor & Cuadrado, María L. & Arias Navalón, José Antonio & Cigarán Méndez, Margarita & Hernández Barrera, Valentín & Arendt Nielsen, Lars. Female Sex Is a Risk Factor Associated with Long-Term Post-COVID Related-Symptoms but Not with COVID-19 Symptoms: The LONG-COVID-EXP-CM Multicenter Study.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12080/29144
Abstract:
This multicenter cohort study investigated the differences between coronavirus disease
2019 (COVID-19) related symptoms and post-COVID symptoms between male and female COVID-19
survivors. Clinical and hospitalization data were collected from hospital medical records in a sample
of individuals recovered from COVID-19 at five public hospitals in Spain. A predefined list of
post-COVID symptoms was systematically assessed, but patients were free to report any symptom.
Anxiety/depressive levels and sleep quality were also assessed. Adjusted multivariate logistic
regressions were used to identify the association of sex with post-COVID related-symptoms. A total
of 1969 individuals (age: 61, SD: 16 years, 46.4% women) were assessed 8.4 months after discharge.
No overall significant sex differences in COVID-19 onset symptoms at hospital admission were
found. Post-COVID symptoms were present in up to 60% of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors
eight months after the infection. The number of post-COVID symptoms was 2.25 for females and
1.5 for males. After adjusting by all variables, female sex was associated with ¿3 post-COVID
symptoms (adj OR 2.54, 95%CI 1.671¿3.865, p < 0.001), the presence of post-COVID fatigue (adj
OR 1.514, 95%CI 1.040¿2.205), dyspnea (rest: adj OR 1.428, 95%CI 1.081¿1.886, exertion: adj OR
1.409, 95%CI 1.109¿1.791), pain (adj OR 1.349, 95%CI 1.059¿1.720), hair loss (adj OR 4.529, 95%CI
2.784¿7.368), ocular problems (adj OR 1.981, 95%CI 1.185¿3.312), depressive levels (adj OR 1.606,
95%CI 1.002¿2.572) and worse sleep quality (adj OR 1.634, 95%CI 1.097¿2.434). Female sex was a risk
factor for the development of some long-term post-COVID symptoms including mood disorders.
Healthcare systems should consider sex differences in the management of long haulers.
Keywords: COVID-19; sex; female; symptoms; fatigue; post-COVID; risk factors