Internal and External Loads in U16 Women¿s Basketball Players Participating in U18 Training Sessions: A Case Study

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to analyze and compare the internal and external training load responses in U16 female basketball players participating in a micro-cycle with the U18 team from the same club. Methods: Twelve U16 and six U18 female basketball players completed two U18-team training sessions (MD-3 and MD-1; 90 min each). The internal load (heart rate metrics) and external load (accelerations, decelerations, speed, and distance) were measured using Polar Team Pro sensors. Differences between groups were analyzed using t-tests and Cohen¿s d effect sizes. Results: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between age categories for either the internal or external load variables. U16 players showed slightly higher maximum heart rate percentages (96.5% vs. 94.7%, ES = 0.29) but similar average heart rate and time in heart rate zones. For the external load, both groups exhibited comparable values in total distance, average speed, and movement across speed and acceleration/deceleration zones. Effect sizes were mostly small, with moderate differences found in specific acceleration and deceleration zones. Conclusions: U16 players training with the U18 team experienced similar internal and external loads, suggesting that they can cope with the physical and physiological demands of older-age-group training. These findings support the inclusion of younger players in higher-age-group training environments as part of their long-term athletic development.